Fines levied by financial services regulators for industry misconduct have risen threefold since 2016, according to data compiled by regtech firm Corlytics.

Watchdogs in the US, UK, Europe and Asia-Pacific issued penalties totalling $1.85bn for wrongdoing — including insider trading and market abuse — in the nine months to September 2017, up from $630m in the first three quarters of 2016, Corlytics said.